Classification of refractory materials

Classification of refractory materials

Refractories can be classified on the basis of chemical composition, method of manufacture, physical form or according to their applications.

Based on chemical composition

Acidic refractories

These are used in areas where slag and atmosphere are acidic. They are stable to acids but attacked by alkalis. The main raw materials belongs to the RO₂ group, e.g. silica (SiO₂), zirconia (ZrO₂), etc.

Neutral refractories

These are used in areas where slags and atmosphere are either acidic or basic and are chemically stable to both acids and bases. The main raw materials belongs to, but not confined to, R₂O₃ group. The common examples of these materials are alumina (Al₂O₃), chromia (Cr₂O₃) and carbon.

Basic refractories

These are used on areas where slags and atmosphere are basic; they are stable to alkaline materials but react with acids. The main raw materials belong to the RO group to which magnesia (MgO) is a very common example. Other examples includes dolomite and chrome-magnesia.

Based on method of manufacture

1. Dry press process
2. Fused cast
3. Hand molded
4. Formed (normal, fired or chemically bonded)
5. Un-formed (monolithic-plastic, ramming and gunning mass, castables)

Shaped

These have fixed size and shapes. These may be further divided into standard shapes and special shapes. Standard shapes have dimension that are conformed by most refractory manufacturers and are generally applicable to kilns or furnaces of the same types. Special shapes are specifically made for particular kilns or furnaces.

Unshaped

These are without definite form and are only given shape upon application. These types are better known as monolithic refractories. The common examples are plastic masses, Ramming masses, castables, gunning masses, fettling mix, mortars etc.

Refractory metals are a class of metals that are extraordinarily resistant to heat and wear

Refractory metals are a class of metals that are extraordinarily resistant to heat and wear. The expression is mostly used in the context of materials science, metallurgy and engineering. The definition of which elements belong to this group differs. The most common definition includes five elements: two of the fifth period (niobium and molybdenum) and three of the sixth period (tantalum, tungsten, and rhenium). They all share some properties, including a melting point above 2000 °C and high hardness at room temperature. They are chemically inert and have a relatively high density. Their high melting points make powder metallurgy the method of choice for fabricating components from these metals. Some of their applications include tools to work metals at high temperatures, wire filaments, casting molds, and chemical reaction vessels in corrosive environments. Partly due to the high melting point, refractory metals are stable against creep deformation to very high temperatures.

H		He
Li	Be		B	C	N	O	F	Ne
Na	Mg		Al	Si	P	S	Cl	Ar
K	Ca	Sc		Ti	V	Cr	Mn	Fe	Co	Ni	Cu	Zn	Ga	Ge	As	Se	Br	Kr
Rb	Sr	Y		Zr	Nb	Mo	Tc	Ru	Rh	Pd	Ag	Cd	In	Sn	Sb	Te	I	Xe
Cs	Ba	La	*	Hf	Ta	W	Re	Os	Ir	Pt	Au	Hg	Tl	Pb	Bi	Po	At	Rn
Fr	Ra	Ac	**	Rf	Db	Sg	Bh	Hs	Mt	Ds	Rg	Cn	Uut	Uuq	Uup	Uuh	Uus	Uuo
	*	Ce	Pr	Nd	Pm	Sm	Eu	Gd	Tb	Dy	Ho	Er	Tm	Yb	Lu
	**	Th	Pa	U	Np	Pu	Am	Cm	Bk	Cf	Es	Fm	Md	No	Lr

Refractory metals

Wider definition of refractory metals

Definition

Most definitions of the term \'refractory metals\' list the extraordinarly high melting point as a key requirement for inclusion. By one definition, a melting point above 4,000 °F (2,200 °C) is necessary to qualify. The five elements niobium, molybdenum, tantalum, tungsten and rhenium are included in all definitions, while the wider definition, including all elements with a melting point above 2,123 K(1,850 °C), includes a varying number of nine additional elements, titanium, vanadium, chromium, zirconium, hafnium, ruthenium, osmium and iridium. Transuranium elements (those above uranium, which are all unstable and not found naturally on earth) and technetium are never considered to be part of the refractory metals.

Refractory Materials, Ceramic Fiber Blanket, Plastics, Castables

supplies a unique range of Metallurgical Frits to metal producers throughout the world. These frits are used as lubrication agents in processes, such as, the forging process and other techniques. They are a good alternative for graphite lubricants. As a processing aid, Pemco’s Metallurgical Frits significantly enhance the efficiency of the process and extend the lifespan of the equipment used. (Refractory materials such as linings and bricks) In 2011, Pemco’s business will have been ‘up and running’ for a century. The phrase ‘up and running’ is carefully chosen because I think it captures the essence of what we were a hundred years ago, as well as what we still are today. That is to say we are a pioneering business that is still very much on the move and moving forward. If you work for Pemco International, or with Pemco as a customer, you will sense that pioneering spirit in the ‘way we work’. Pemco people have a deep-seated passion about not only our products, but our customers’ technical issues and the how end-users demands are evolving. When customers buy from Pemco, they are not generally buying only a quality product, but a solutions-provider whose people have the know-how, energy and commitment to deliver. Pemco people and our solutions-based approach are enduring differentiators for us in the marketplace, but not the only ones. Porcelain and Glass Enamels, Conductive Coatings, Specialty Frits and related products are our sole focus – in fact it’s our core business. We have been around a long time and can be relied upon to be there in the future, with long-standing relationships with customers being a hallmark of Pemco. With an intent to harness our R&D technical capabilities and unrivalled global reach, our eyes are very much on exciting opportunities to grow our market share and, as is the characteristic of any pioneer, open up new categories. Only a lean and competitive company will be able to seize these opportunities and Pemco’s leadership team, with a blend of experience drawn from inside and outside our industry, has the drive and vision to ensure we always ‘compete to win’.

What are Refractory Materials?

There was a time when I would simply pull out my trusty Webster’s Tome. I would efficiently thumb to the desired entry, proudly making full use of the alphabetical skills acquired through years of primary education. Voila! Having quickly located the desired term, I would faithfully and obediently parrot the appropriate definitions. But times have changed, and I have kept up with them. I now depend, as I’m sure is true for most of us, on Google and Wikipedia for my primary didactic guidance.

So I Googled “Refractory”.

Webster could never have anticipated the boundless diversity of definition declared relative by Google’s algorithms! You may enjoy looking for yourself, but let me assure you that for our purposes, refractory is not “the recovery phase after orgasm during which it is physiologically impossible for an individual to have additional orgasms” http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refractory_period(sex)

And did you know that in the religion of the Vedic period in India, there are certain words that, when used as a Mantra, affect a spiritual transformation in the individual repeating them? Om (or Aum) is perhaps the most well known. The meaning of the words (and the self) becomes lost in the rhythm of repetition. The void that this loss creates invites change and hopefully an accompanying enlightenment. 

How in the world did I get from “Refractory” to refractory Karmas? The Six Degrees of Separation of People states that each person on Earth is only 6 acquaintances from every other person. I’d like to be the first to declare a similar relationship for information, my just conceived and soon to be famous Six Clicks of Separation of Information theory, each topic searched for is only 6 clicks away from all other topics

I’m tempted yet again to abandon this new hyperlink knowledge fest and dust off my trusted old tome. But I never do. I love this new world of fast and easy information. I love having the world’s largest library sitting on my desk. Maybe I won’t become famous for my theory, but I’ll bet one day I’ll learn to use technology as efficiently as that old dictionary.

In the mean time, you’ll have to read more of the blog to know what our discussion is all about. Since I already know, I’m just going to go practice my mantra. “Aum refractory, Aum refractory, Aum refractory…”

Greg Gorby, Editor

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Global High Temperature Insulation Market | Market Research Report

Report Description

The increasing cost of power and the rapid depletion of conventional sources of energy have necessitated effective heat management and energy conservation in industrial processes. High temperature insulation (HTI) products provide high compressive strength and low shrinkage at high temperatures; and thus offer a cost-effective energy management solution for industrial processes.

This research report provides in-depth market intelligence on the global market for HTI products, which is currently witnessing high growth due to expanding industrial applications such as petrochemicals, and cement and glass manufacturing. This report identifies and analyzes growth strategies such as portfolio expansion and the R&D initiatives taken by heat management solution providers.

This report analyzes the markets for the various HTI applications such as petrochemicalS, iron and steel, ceramics, alumina and powder metallurgy. The report also identifies the consumption of HTI products in different operational temperature ranges in these application segments. Each HTI submarket is forecasted and analyzed for trends and the competitive landscape in the HTI markets in the North America, Europe, Asia, and Rest of the World.

The report identifies factors that drive or inhibit market growth in order to support the market trends and forecasts made herein for each sub-segment. More than 30 company profiles are provided for a deeper insight into the competitive landscape. The market tables are categorized as per geographies application and temperature ranges.

The intended audience of this report includes:

High temperature insulation manufacturers End consumers such as petrochemicals, glass, cement, iron and steel manufacturers R&D (research and development) institutions Distributors Raw material suppliers

What makes our reports unique?

We provide the longest market segmentation chain in the industry with our three-level market breakdown and our analysis of minimum 40 collectively exhaustive and mutually exclusive micro markets. We provide 10% customization to ensure that our clients find the specific market intelligence they need. Each report is about 150 pages, featuring 30+ market data tables, 30+ company profiles, and an analysis of 200 patents. No single report by any other publisher provides market data for all market segments (i.e. products, services, applications, ingredients, and technology) covering the four geographies of North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, and ROW. 15 pages of high level analysis identifying opportunities, best practices, entry strategies, benchmarking strategies, market positioning, product positioning, and competitive positioning.

Key questions answered

Which are the high-growth segments and how is the market segmented in terms of applications, products, services, ingredients, technologies, stakeholders? What are market estimates and forecasts; which markets are doing well and which are not? Where are the gaps and opportunities; what factors are driving market growth? Which are the key playing fields and winning-edge imperatives? What is the competitive landscape; who are the main players in each segment; what are their strategic directives, operational strengths, key selling products, and product pipelines? Who is doing what?

Powerful Research and analysis

The analysts working with come from renowned publishers and market research firms globally, adding their expertise and domain understanding. We get the facts from over 22,000 news and information sources, a huge database of key industry participants and draw on our relationships with more than 900 market research companies.

Table of Contents :

Executive summary Market Overview Market dynamics High temperature insulation product market High temperature insulation application Market Geographical analysis Competitive landscape

1 Introduction 1.1 KEY TAKE AWAYS 1.2 REPORT DESCRIPTION 1.3 MARKETS COVERED 1.4 Research Methodology 1.5 STAKEHOLDERS

2 Summary

3 Market Overview 3.1 Defining the global high temperature insulation market 3.2 STRUCTURE OF THE HIGH TEMPERATURE INSULATION MARKET 3.3 HIGH TEMPERATURE INSULATION APPLICATION MARKET 3.4 High Temperature Insulation – Value Proposition 3.4.1 Energy Conservation 3.4.2 Economic Considerations – Roi 3.4.3 Environmental Benefits: lowers Emission 3.5 COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE 3.6 Geographical segmentation of high temperature insulation market 3.7 Conclusion 3.7.1 Key findings 3.7.2 Strategic recommendations

4 Market Dynamics 4.1 Drivers 4.1.1 Need for energy conservation 4.1.2 Emission reduction Potential 4.1.3 Saving in production cost 4.1.4 Wide range of customizable products 4.2 Restraints & Opportunities 4.2.1 Carcinogenic nature 4.2.2 Durability issues 4.2.3 Newer materials & applications

5 High Temperature Insulation Product Market 5.1 Overview 5.2 Characteristics 5.3 Market segmentation 5.3.1 Ceramic Fibers 5.3.1.1 Applications 5.3.2 Insulating Firebricks 5.3.3 Calcium Silicate 5.4 Selecting an Hti Insulation product 5.4.1 On the basis of production requirement 5.4.1.1 Nature of production 5.4.1.2 Type of fuel used 5.4.2 On the basis of product specification 5.4.2.1 Insulating efficiency 5.4.2.2 Thermal conductivity (k-value) 5.4.2.3 Thermal resistance (R-value) 5.4.2.4 Compressive strength 5.4.2.5 Linear shrinkage

For more information, please visit : http://www.aarkstore.com/reports/Global-High-Temperature-Insulation-Market-39221.html

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